Painting Fundamentals: Choosing Sheen, Calculating Coverage, and Surface Prep Secrets
A deep dive into paint technology. Learn how to select the right sheen (flat, eggshell, satin, semi-gloss) for durability and appearance, estimate paint quantities, and master surface preparation for a long-lasting finish.
Paint is more than just color; it is a protective coating that defines the character of a space. But with countless options for sheen, base, and specialty finishes, choosing the right paint can be overwhelming. This guide demystifies the science of paint, helping you select the perfect product and apply it flawlessly.
Understanding Paint Sheen: The Reflective Spectrum
Sheen refers to the paint's reflectivity, directly impacting its durability and washability.
- Flat/Matte: No shine. Hides imperfections best. Least durable, hardest to clean. Best for: Ceilings, low-traffic areas like formal dining rooms.
- Eggshell/Satin: Slight sheen. More durable and washable than flat. Most popular for walls. Satin has slightly more sheen than eggshell.
- Semi-Gloss: Noticeable shine. Very durable and easy to clean. Best for: Trim, doors, cabinets, high-moisture areas like bathrooms and kitchens.
- High-Gloss: Highly reflective. Extremely durable and washable. Shows every imperfection. Best for: Furniture, accent pieces, areas requiring extreme durability.
Calculating Paint Coverage: The Gallon Game
Paint coverage is typically 350-400 square feet per gallon, per coat. However, this varies based on:
- Surface Porosity: New drywall soaks up more paint than previously painted walls.
- Color Change: Going from dark to light (or vice-versa) often requires an extra coat and primer.
- Application Method: Spraying uses more paint than rolling or brushing.
Try it yourself
Estimate gallons needed for your project:
Surface Preparation: The 80/20 Rule
A flawless paint job is 80% prep and 20% application. Skipping prep will show. Always:
- Clean: Wash walls with TSP or a mild detergent to remove grease and grime.
- Patch: Fill nail holes and small cracks with spackle. Sand smooth.
- Prime: Especially for new drywall, repaired areas, or significant color changes. Primer provides a uniform, non-porous surface for the topcoat.
By understanding these paint fundamentals, you transform your walls from dull canvases to vibrant, durable masterpieces.